Further research will be required to characterize the full breadth of processes that might be  controlled by CMA in T-cells. For instance, as reported for macroautophagy, CMA can also contribute to the regulation of cellular energetics, due to its capacity to modulate the levels   of key metabolic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

dehydrogenase [74]. Whether this also occurs in T-cells and how CMA and macroautophagy may coordinate common activities, remain to be determined.